1.
State what is meant by totipotent cells. [1]
JD SCIENCE
The control of gene expression
Answer all questions. Show working. Answers are in a separate file on the Worksheets page — do not look at them until you have finished.
2.
State what is meant by pluripotent cells. [1]
3.
State what is meant by transcription factors. [1]
4.
State what is meant by epigenetics. [1]
5.
State what is meant by RNA interference. [1]
6.
State what is meant by a tumour suppressor gene. [1]
7.
State what is meant by a proto-oncogene. [1]
8.
State what is meant by recombinant DNA. [1]
9.
State what is meant by PCR. [1]
10.
State what is meant by gel electrophoresis. [1]
11.
Amira is asked about totipotent cells in a AQA Biology paper.
(a) Describe totipotent cells. [2]
(b) Explain why totipotent cells is important in this topic. [3]
12.
Amira is asked about pluripotent cells in a AQA Biology paper.
(a) Describe pluripotent cells. [2]
(b) Explain why pluripotent cells is important in this topic. [3]
13.
Amira is asked about transcription factors in a AQA Biology paper.
(a) Describe transcription factors. [2]
(b) Explain why transcription factors is important in this topic. [3]
14.
Amira is asked about epigenetics in a AQA Biology paper.
(a) Describe epigenetics. [2]
(b) Explain why epigenetics is important in this topic. [3]
15.
Amira is asked about RNA interference in a AQA Biology paper.
(a) Describe RNA interference. [2]
(b) Explain why RNA interference is important in this topic. [3]
16.
Amira is asked about a tumour suppressor gene in a AQA Biology paper.
(a) Describe a tumour suppressor gene. [2]
(b) Explain why a tumour suppressor gene is important in this topic. [3]
17.
PCR: starting with 1 molecule, copies after 5 cycles [3]
18.
A fragment is 600 bp. After a 6-cutter idea, number of fragments depends on sites — if 2 cut sites on a linear DNA [3]
19.
Stem cell therapy risk: name one [3]
20.
Methylation of a promoter typically [3]
21.
A gene is 900 bases coding. Amino acids (no stop) [3]
22.
Dilution 1 in 10 four times. Final dilution [3]
23.
Amira carries out a AQA-style required practical linked to control of gene expression. This is a typical AQA required-practical style question.
(a) Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable. [2]
(b) State one control variable and explain why it must be controlled. [2]
(c) Suggest one improvement or source of error and how it affects the result. [2]
24.
Amira carries out collecting valid data for control of gene expression. This is a typical AQA required-practical style question.
(a) Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable. [2]
(b) State one control variable and explain why it must be controlled. [2]
(c) Suggest one improvement or source of error and how it affects the result. [2]
25.
Amira carries out drawing a graph for control of gene expression. This is a typical AQA required-practical style question.
(a) Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable. [2]
(b) State one control variable and explain why it must be controlled. [2]
(c) Suggest one improvement or source of error and how it affects the result. [2]
26.
Amira carries out evaluating a method about control of gene expression. This is a typical AQA required-practical style question.
(a) Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable. [2]
(b) State one control variable and explain why it must be controlled. [2]
(c) Suggest one improvement or source of error and how it affects the result. [2]
27.
Compare totipotent cells with pluripotent cells. [4]
28.
Compare pluripotent cells with transcription factors. [4]
29.
Compare transcription factors with epigenetics. [4]
30.
Compare epigenetics with RNA interference. [4]
31.
Apply your knowledge of a proto-oncogene to this situation: becomes an oncogene if mutated [3]
32.
Apply your knowledge of recombinant DNA to this situation: restriction enzymes, ligase, vectors [3]