1.
State what is meant by the early atmosphere.
[1 mark]
- mainly CO₂ from volcanoes
JD SCIENCE
Chemistry of the atmosphere
Indicative marking points. Award marks for equivalent scientific or mathematical wording. Do not issue this sheet with the student worksheet.
2.
State what is meant by how oxygen increased.
[1 mark]
- photosynthesis by algae and plants
3.
State what is meant by the greenhouse effect.
[1 mark]
- greenhouse gases absorb outgoing IR
4.
State what is meant by human greenhouse emissions.
[1 mark]
- burning fossil fuels, deforestation, livestock
5.
State what is meant by a carbon footprint.
[1 mark]
- total greenhouse gases from a product or activity
6.
State what is meant by atmospheric pollutants.
[1 mark]
- CO, SO₂, NOx, particulates
7.
State what is meant by acid rain.
[1 mark]
- SO₂ and NOx dissolve to form acids
8.
State what is meant by complete vs incomplete combustion of fuels.
[1 mark]
- CO₂ vs CO/C
9.
State what is meant by limestone.
[1 mark]
- mainly calcium carbonate
10.
State what is meant by the oceans as a carbon store.
[1 mark]
- CO₂ dissolves and forms sedimentary rock
11.
Amira is asked about the early atmosphere in a AQA Chemistry paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- little oxygen
(b) [3 marks]
- like some other planets
12.
Amira is asked about how oxygen increased in a AQA Chemistry paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- CO₂ fell
(b) [3 marks]
- oceans absorbed CO₂
13.
Amira is asked about the greenhouse effect in a AQA Chemistry paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- H₂O, CO₂, CH₄
(b) [3 marks]
- keeps Earth warm enough for life
14.
Amira is asked about human greenhouse emissions in a AQA Chemistry paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- increase CO₂ and CH₄
(b) [3 marks]
- linked to climate change
15.
Amira is asked about a carbon footprint in a AQA Chemistry paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- can be reduced
(b) [3 marks]
- use less energy / renewables
16.
Amira is asked about atmospheric pollutants in a AQA Chemistry paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- from combustion
(b) [3 marks]
- toxic / acid rain / respiratory problems
17.
Air is about 21% oxygen. Volume of O₂ in 5.0 dm³ of air
[3 marks]
- Final answer: 1.05 dm³
18.
CO₂ rose from 280 to 420 ppm. Percentage increase
[3 marks]
- Final answer: 50%
19.
A car produces 2.3 kg CO₂ in 10 km. CO₂ per km
[3 marks]
- Final answer: 0.23 kg/km
20.
Balance CH₄ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
[3 marks]
- Final answer: CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O
21.
If 4 mol CH₄ burn completely, mol of CO₂
[3 marks]
- Final answer: 4 mol
22.
A sample of air is 78% N₂. Volume of N₂ in 200 cm³
[3 marks]
- Final answer: 156 cm³
23.
Amira carries out a AQA-style required practical linked to the atmosphere and Earth. This is a typical AQA required-practical style question.
(a) [2 marks]
- Independent: the independent variable for this topic
- Dependent: the measured outcome
(b) [2 marks]
- keep all other variables constant
- so the test is fair / only one variable is changed
(c) [2 marks]
- repeat and calculate a mean / use a tighter method
24.
Amira carries out collecting valid data for the atmosphere and Earth. This is a typical AQA required-practical style question.
(a) [2 marks]
- Independent: a chosen factor
- Dependent: a quantitative measurement
(b) [2 marks]
- calibrated instrument
- so the test is fair / only one variable is changed
(c) [2 marks]
- systematic error from zero error
25.
Amira carries out drawing a graph for the atmosphere and Earth. This is a typical AQA required-practical style question.
(a) [2 marks]
- Independent: x-variable
- Dependent: y-variable
(b) [2 marks]
- same scale / same apparatus
- so the test is fair / only one variable is changed
(c) [2 marks]
- not drawing a line of best fit through the trend
26.
Amira carries out evaluating a method about the atmosphere and Earth. This is a typical AQA required-practical style question.
(a) [2 marks]
- Independent: method change
- Dependent: precision / accuracy
(b) [2 marks]
- same sample size
- so the test is fair / only one variable is changed
(c) [2 marks]
- too few repeats
27.
Compare the early atmosphere with how oxygen increased.
[4 marks]
- mainly CO₂ from volcanoes
- photosynthesis by algae and plants
- give one linked difference
28.
Compare how oxygen increased with the greenhouse effect.
[4 marks]
- photosynthesis by algae and plants
- greenhouse gases absorb outgoing IR
- give one linked difference
29.
Compare the greenhouse effect with human greenhouse emissions.
[4 marks]
- greenhouse gases absorb outgoing IR
- burning fossil fuels, deforestation, livestock
- give one linked difference
30.
Compare human greenhouse emissions with a carbon footprint.
[4 marks]
- burning fossil fuels, deforestation, livestock
- total greenhouse gases from a product or activity
- give one linked difference
31.
Apply your knowledge of acid rain to this situation: damages limestone and lakes
[3 marks]
- damages limestone and lakes
32.
Apply your knowledge of complete vs incomplete combustion of fuels to this situation: oxygen supply
[3 marks]
- oxygen supply