1.
State what is meant by homeostasis.
[1 mark]
- keeping a stable internal environment
JD SCIENCE
Human physiology and observations
Indicative marking points. Award marks for equivalent scientific or mathematical wording. Do not issue this sheet with the student worksheet.
2.
State what is meant by the cardiovascular system.
[1 mark]
- heart, blood, vessels
3.
State what is meant by the respiratory system.
[1 mark]
- airways and lungs
4.
State what is meant by the nervous system.
[1 mark]
- CNS and PNS
5.
State what is meant by the endocrine system.
[1 mark]
- hormones in the blood
6.
State what is meant by the digestive system.
[1 mark]
- breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
7.
State what is meant by the renal system.
[1 mark]
- kidneys filter blood and balance fluid
8.
State what is meant by NEWS2 (idea).
[1 mark]
- early warning score from observations
9.
State what is meant by normal adult ranges (typical teaching values).
[1 mark]
- HR 60–100, RR 12–20, temp 36.1–37.2
10.
State what is meant by pathophysiology idea.
[1 mark]
- how disease changes normal function
11.
Chris is asked about homeostasis in a City & Guilds Health paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- temperature, glucose, water, blood pressure
(b) [3 marks]
- negative feedback
12.
Chris is asked about the cardiovascular system in a City & Guilds Health paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- transports O₂, CO₂, nutrients
(b) [3 marks]
- pulse and BP observations
13.
Chris is asked about the respiratory system in a City & Guilds Health paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- gas exchange in alveoli
(b) [3 marks]
- spo2 and respiratory rate
14.
Chris is asked about the nervous system in a City & Guilds Health paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- fast electrical control
(b) [3 marks]
- GCS / AVPU in emergencies
15.
Chris is asked about the endocrine system in a City & Guilds Health paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- slower, longer lasting
(b) [3 marks]
- diabetes is an endocrine disorder
16.
Chris is asked about the digestive system in a City & Guilds Health paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- liver and pancreas assist
(b) [3 marks]
- malnutrition risk
17.
Pulse 72 bpm. Beats in 5 minutes?
[3 marks]
- Final answer: 360
18.
BP 120/80. Pulse pressure?
[3 marks]
- Final answer: 40 mmHg
19.
RR 16 /min. Breaths in 1 hour?
[3 marks]
- Final answer: 960
20.
Temp 38.5 °C. How many °C above 37.0?
[3 marks]
- Final answer: 1.5 °C
21.
Fluid balance: in 1800 ml, out 1500 ml. Balance?
[3 marks]
- Final answer: +300 ml
22.
Spo2 94%. How many % below 98%?
[3 marks]
- Final answer: 4
23.
Chris carries out a T-Level occupational task on human physiology for health. This is a typical City & Guilds required-practical style question.
(a) [2 marks]
- Independent: the factor being investigated
- Dependent: the measured result or quality check
(b) [2 marks]
- follow the SOP and keep other variables constant
- so the test is fair / only one variable is changed
(c) [2 marks]
- not recording the batch/lot number or operator ID
24.
Chris carries out writing or following an SOP for human physiology for health. This is a typical City & Guilds required-practical style question.
(a) [2 marks]
- Independent: a step in the method
- Dependent: whether the acceptance criteria are met
(b) [2 marks]
- same calibrated instrument
- so the test is fair / only one variable is changed
(c) [2 marks]
- skipping a verification check
25.
Chris carries out a COSHH / risk-assessment review for human physiology for health. This is a typical City & Guilds required-practical style question.
(a) [2 marks]
- Independent: hazard
- Dependent: control measure effectiveness
(b) [2 marks]
- same PPE and waste route
- so the test is fair / only one variable is changed
(c) [2 marks]
- using expired reagents or the wrong waste stream
26.
Chris carries out data review in a LIMS or quality log for human physiology for health. This is a typical City & Guilds required-practical style question.
(a) [2 marks]
- Independent: sample ID
- Dependent: result vs specification
(b) [2 marks]
- same calculation method
- so the test is fair / only one variable is changed
(c) [2 marks]
- transcription error between the instrument and the LIMS
27.
Compare homeostasis with the nervous system.
[4 marks]
- keeping a stable internal environment
- CNS and PNS
- state one workplace implication
28.
Compare the cardiovascular system with the endocrine system.
[4 marks]
- heart, blood, vessels
- hormones in the blood
- state one workplace implication
29.
Compare the respiratory system with the digestive system.
[4 marks]
- airways and lungs
- breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
- state one workplace implication
30.
Compare the nervous system with the renal system.
[4 marks]
- CNS and PNS
- kidneys filter blood and balance fluid
- state one workplace implication
31.
Apply your knowledge of the renal system to this situation: urine output is a key observation
[3 marks]
- urine output is a key observation
32.
Apply your knowledge of NEWS2 (idea) to this situation: escalation thresholds
[3 marks]
- escalation thresholds