1.
State what is meant by a random error. [1]
JD SCIENCE
Data collection, analysis and errors
Answer all questions. Show working. Answers are in a separate file on the Worksheets page — do not look at them until you have finished.
2.
State what is meant by a systematic error. [1]
3.
State what is meant by a transcription error. [1]
4.
State what is meant by an instrument fault. [1]
5.
State what is meant by sample mix-up. [1]
6.
State what is meant by Westgard rules (idea). [1]
7.
State what is meant by a control chart. [1]
8.
State what is meant by root-cause analysis. [1]
9.
State what is meant by data integrity ALCOA. [1]
10.
State what is meant by process improvement. [1]
11.
Pat is asked about a random error in a Pearson Laboratory Sciences paper.
(a) Describe a random error. [2]
(b) Explain why a random error is important in this topic. [3]
12.
Pat is asked about a systematic error in a Pearson Laboratory Sciences paper.
(a) Describe a systematic error. [2]
(b) Explain why a systematic error is important in this topic. [3]
13.
Pat is asked about a transcription error in a Pearson Laboratory Sciences paper.
(a) Describe a transcription error. [2]
(b) Explain why a transcription error is important in this topic. [3]
14.
Pat is asked about an instrument fault in a Pearson Laboratory Sciences paper.
(a) Describe an instrument fault. [2]
(b) Explain why an instrument fault is important in this topic. [3]
15.
Pat is asked about sample mix-up in a Pearson Laboratory Sciences paper.
(a) Describe sample mix-up. [2]
(b) Explain why sample mix-up is important in this topic. [3]
16.
Pat is asked about Westgard rules (idea) in a Pearson Laboratory Sciences paper.
(a) Describe Westgard rules (idea). [2]
(b) Explain why Westgard rules (idea) is important in this topic. [3]
17.
Results 10.1, 10.3, 12.9, 10.2. Which is the likely outlier? [3]
18.
Mean of the three concordant values 10.1, 10.3, 10.2 [3]
19.
A QC limit is 5.00 ± 0.20. Is 5.25 acceptable? [3]
20.
SD idea: values 4, 6, 8. Mean and range? [3]
21.
A LIMS audit finds 6 of 120 entries edited. Percentage? [3]
22.
Two analysts differ by 0.40 on a mean of 20.0. Percentage difference? [3]
23.
Pat carries out a T-Level occupational task on laboratory data, LIMS and error. This is a typical Pearson required-practical style question.
(a) Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable. [2]
(b) State one control variable and explain why it must be controlled. [2]
(c) Suggest one improvement or source of error and how it affects the result. [2]
24.
Pat carries out writing or following an SOP for laboratory data, LIMS and error. This is a typical Pearson required-practical style question.
(a) Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable. [2]
(b) State one control variable and explain why it must be controlled. [2]
(c) Suggest one improvement or source of error and how it affects the result. [2]
25.
Pat carries out a COSHH / risk-assessment review for laboratory data, LIMS and error. This is a typical Pearson required-practical style question.
(a) Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable. [2]
(b) State one control variable and explain why it must be controlled. [2]
(c) Suggest one improvement or source of error and how it affects the result. [2]
26.
Pat carries out data review in a LIMS or quality log for laboratory data, LIMS and error. This is a typical Pearson required-practical style question.
(a) Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable. [2]
(b) State one control variable and explain why it must be controlled. [2]
(c) Suggest one improvement or source of error and how it affects the result. [2]
27.
Compare a random error with an instrument fault. [4]
28.
Compare a systematic error with sample mix-up. [4]
29.
Compare a transcription error with Westgard rules (idea). [4]
30.
Compare an instrument fault with a control chart. [4]
31.
Apply your knowledge of a control chart to this situation: warning and action limits [3]
32.
Apply your knowledge of root-cause analysis to this situation: find the system cause [3]