1.
State what is meant by informed consent.
[1 mark]
- a person agrees after understanding the purpose and risks
JD SCIENCE
Ethical considerations in scientific research
Indicative marking points. Award marks for equivalent scientific or mathematical wording. Do not issue this sheet with the student worksheet.
2.
State what is meant by confidentiality.
[1 mark]
- protecting identities and data
3.
State what is meant by animal research ethics.
[1 mark]
- replace, reduce, refine
4.
State what is meant by conflict of interest.
[1 mark]
- a personal interest that could bias the work
5.
State what is meant by plagiarism.
[1 mark]
- presenting others' work as your own
6.
State what is meant by a literature review.
[1 mark]
- structured search of existing evidence
7.
State what is meant by peer review.
[1 mark]
- other scientists check a paper
8.
State what is meant by an Employer Set Project.
[1 mark]
- synoptic core assessment set by employers
9.
State what is meant by intellectual property.
[1 mark]
- patents, copyright, know-how
10.
State what is meant by sustainable science.
[1 mark]
- reduce waste, energy and hazardous substances
11.
Pat is asked about informed consent in a Pearson Science paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- can be withdrawn
(b) [3 marks]
- required for human studies
12.
Pat is asked about confidentiality in a Pearson Science paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- anonymise where possible
(b) [3 marks]
- legal and professional duty
13.
Pat is asked about animal research ethics in a Pearson Science paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- Home Office licences
(b) [3 marks]
- use alternatives if possible
14.
Pat is asked about conflict of interest in a Pearson Science paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- must be declared
(b) [3 marks]
- protects integrity
15.
Pat is asked about plagiarism in a Pearson Science paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- includes copying data
(b) [3 marks]
- reference sources
16.
Pat is asked about a literature review in a Pearson Science paper.
(a) [2 marks]
- Assignment 1 style task
(b) [3 marks]
- judge reliability of sources
17.
A search finds 40 papers, 8 are relevant. Percentage relevant?
[3 marks]
- Final answer: 20%
18.
A survey of 25 staff, 5 decline consent. Percentage consenting?
[3 marks]
- Final answer: 80%
19.
An ESP is 12 hours. How many 90-minute sessions?
[3 marks]
- Final answer: 8
20.
A reference list has 18 sources, 3 are websites. Fraction websites?
[3 marks]
- Final answer: 1/6
21.
Word limit 1500. 10% extra allowed. Maximum words?
[3 marks]
- Final answer: 1650
22.
A poster session is 8 minutes plus 2 minutes questions. Total?
[3 marks]
- Final answer: 10 min
23.
Pat carries out a T-Level occupational task on ethics and scientific research. This is a typical Pearson required-practical style question.
(a) [2 marks]
- Independent: the factor being investigated
- Dependent: the measured result or quality check
(b) [2 marks]
- follow the SOP and keep other variables constant
- so the test is fair / only one variable is changed
(c) [2 marks]
- not recording the batch/lot number or operator ID
24.
Pat carries out writing or following an SOP for ethics and scientific research. This is a typical Pearson required-practical style question.
(a) [2 marks]
- Independent: a step in the method
- Dependent: whether the acceptance criteria are met
(b) [2 marks]
- same calibrated instrument
- so the test is fair / only one variable is changed
(c) [2 marks]
- skipping a verification check
25.
Pat carries out a COSHH / risk-assessment review for ethics and scientific research. This is a typical Pearson required-practical style question.
(a) [2 marks]
- Independent: hazard
- Dependent: control measure effectiveness
(b) [2 marks]
- same PPE and waste route
- so the test is fair / only one variable is changed
(c) [2 marks]
- using expired reagents or the wrong waste stream
26.
Pat carries out data review in a LIMS or quality log for ethics and scientific research. This is a typical Pearson required-practical style question.
(a) [2 marks]
- Independent: sample ID
- Dependent: result vs specification
(b) [2 marks]
- same calculation method
- so the test is fair / only one variable is changed
(c) [2 marks]
- transcription error between the instrument and the LIMS
27.
Compare informed consent with conflict of interest.
[4 marks]
- a person agrees after understanding the purpose and risks
- a personal interest that could bias the work
- state one workplace implication
28.
Compare confidentiality with plagiarism.
[4 marks]
- protecting identities and data
- presenting others' work as your own
- state one workplace implication
29.
Compare animal research ethics with a literature review.
[4 marks]
- replace, reduce, refine
- structured search of existing evidence
- state one workplace implication
30.
Compare conflict of interest with peer review.
[4 marks]
- a personal interest that could bias the work
- other scientists check a paper
- state one workplace implication
31.
Apply your knowledge of peer review to this situation: improves quality
[3 marks]
- improves quality
32.
Apply your knowledge of an Employer Set Project to this situation: research, plan, present
[3 marks]
- research, plan, present